Behavior Driven Development Vol. 2

Adding passanger busimess logic

To understand the story let’s use some simple examples: the company maintains a policy regarding adding and removing a passenger to a flight. The flights may be a few types:

economy
business
other added at the later time

If the flight is an economic one, most VIP passengers and usual ones may be added to it. If the flight is s a business one, only VIP passengers may be added to it.

: Adding Passanger Business Logic

Removing passanger business logic

And there is also a policy for removing a passenger from the flight. It also involves answering yes/no questions. A usual passenger may be removed from a flight, a VIP passenger cannot be removed.

: Removing Passenger Business Logic

Usual passenger can be removed from a flight, a VIP passenger cannot be removed. As we can see from these two activity diagrams, the initial business logic focus on decision making.

Below is a simple class of the application. The flight class has two sub-classes: EconomyFlight and: BusinessFlight. The police of adding a passenger and removing a passenger are encapsulated into: addPassenger and: removePassanger methods. As these methods are inherited from the Flight class and are at the level of each subclass, we may say that the decision of each policy to apply will be practically made at runtime through polymorphism.

: Initial Application Design

From TDD to the BDD

Below are tested that has been build as TDD. We have here 4 tests. From their names, we understand that we have two flights, economy and business and two passengers: usual and VIP. We are doing some operations with these pairs.

 @Test
    public void testEconomyFlightUsualPassenger() {
        Flight economyFlight = new EconomyFlight("1");
        Passenger andrew = new Passenger("Andrew", false);
        Assertions.assertEquals("1", economyFlight.getId());
        Assertions.assertEquals(true, economyFlight.addPassenger(andrew));
        Assertions.assertEquals(1, economyFlight.getPassengersList().size());
        Assertions.assertEquals("Andrew", ((Passenger)economyFlight.getPassengersList().get(0)).getName());
        Assertions.assertEquals(true, economyFlight.removePassenger(andrew));
        Assertions.assertEquals(0, economyFlight.getPassengersList().size());
    }

    @Test
    public void testEconomyFlightVipPassenger() {
        Flight economyFlight = new EconomyFlight("1");
        Passenger john = new Passenger("John", true);
        Assertions.assertEquals("1", economyFlight.getId());
        Assertions.assertEquals(true, economyFlight.addPassenger(john));
        Assertions.assertEquals(1, economyFlight.getPassengersList().size());
        Assertions.assertEquals("John", ((Passenger)economyFlight.getPassengersList().get(0)).getName());
        Assertions.assertEquals(false, economyFlight.removePassenger(john));
        Assertions.assertEquals(1, economyFlight.getPassengersList().size());
    }

    @Test
    public void testBusinessFlightUsualPassenger() {
        Flight businessFlight = new BusinessFlight("2");
        Passenger andrew = new Passenger("Andrew", false);
        Assertions.assertEquals(false, businessFlight.addPassenger(andrew));
        Assertions.assertEquals(0, businessFlight.getPassengersList().size());
        Assertions.assertEquals(false, businessFlight.removePassenger(andrew));
        Assertions.assertEquals(0, businessFlight.getPassengersList().size());
    }

    @Test
    public void testBusinessFlightVipPassenger() {
        Flight businessFlight = new BusinessFlight("2");
        Passenger john = new Passenger("John", true);
        Assertions.assertEquals(true, businessFlight.addPassenger(john));
        Assertions.assertEquals(1, businessFlight.getPassengersList().size());
        Assertions.assertEquals(false, businessFlight.removePassenger(john));
        Assertions.assertEquals(1, businessFlight.getPassengersList().size());
    }

These tests are good but:

they do not discuss what the expectations are, which makes them harder to understand and to fix if they break
they do not seem much about what they are actually testing

To change to better we can adopt some conventions:

use JUnit5 features more effectively
use nested tests
reduce code application by reinitializing objects before each test
attach to test labels to replace the long names to express in plain English what we are doing

Below is simple test written in new way:

@Test
@DisplayName("Then you can add and remove him from an economy flight")
public void testAddAndRemove() {
  Assertions.assertAll("Verify all conditions for a usual passenger and an economy flight", new Executable[]{
      () -> {Assertions.assertEquals("1", EconomyFlightTest.this.economyFlight.getId());}, 
      () -> {Assertions.assertEquals(true, EconomyFlightTest.this.economyFlight.addPassenger(EconomyFlightTest.this.andrew));}, 
      () -> {Assertions.assertEquals(1, EconomyFlightTest.this.economyFlight.getPassengersList().size());}, 
      () -> {Assertions.assertEquals("Andrew", ((Passenger)EconomyFlightTest.this.economyFlight.getPassengersList().get(0)).getName());}, 
      () -> {Assertions.assertEquals(true, EconomyFlightTest.this.economyFlight.removePassenger(EconomyFlightTest.this.andrew));}, 
      () -> {Assertions.assertEquals(0, EconomyFlightTest.this.economyFlight.getPassengersList().size());
  }});
}

This is the first step from TDD to the BDD application, introducing methods with significant names using nested tests and annotating them. This way helps us to clarify tests but we use only JUnit5 and its annotations. This is not full BDD and to use full features of BDD we will switch to the special frameworks.

Reference:

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Table of contents:

Adding passanger busimess logic

Removing passanger business logic

From TDD to the BDD

Reference: